مروری‌ بر روش‌های ذخیره گاز هیدروژن به‌عنوان یک حامل انرژی

Hydrogen, as a key component in decarbonizing the global energy system, plays a vital role in replacing fossil fuels in various sectors, including industry, power generation, transportation, and heating. To achieve this goal, in addition to reducing hydrogen production costs, the development of efficient infrastructure for its storage, transportation, and distribution is essential. Hydrogen storage is primarily accomplished through two main methods: physical storage, which involves storing hydrogen in compressed gas, liquid, or supercritical states, and material-based storage, such as using liquid organic hydrogen carriers, metal hydrides, or synthetic fuels. Additionally, underground hydrogen storage is emerging as a promising solution, although practical experience in this area is still limited. Despite hydrogen's high potential in renewable energy systems, there are numerous scientific and operational challenges, including storage safety, infrastructure optimization, and cost management. This study comprehensively investigate underground hydrogen storage and presents the approaches to this technology. The results presented in this article lay a good foundation for using this method in Iran with the aim of producing sustainable energy.