مروری بر ذخیره‌سازی CO2 در ساختارهای زیرزمینی: پیشرفت‌ها، چالش‌ها و چشم‌اندازها

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
حسین حیدری 1
مهدی رضوی فر 2
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، 5166616471، ایران
2 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، 5166616471، ایران
چکیده
آب و هوای زمین تحت تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسانی قرار گرفته است که شامل سوزاندن سوخت‌های فسیلی و نابودی جنگل‌ها می‌شود. این فعالیت‌ها باعث انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای مانند دی‌اکسید کربن (CO₂) شده‌اند. سوخت‌های فسیلی، از ترکیباتی تشکیل شده‌اند که میلیون‌ها سال پیش از جو زمین جذب شده‌اند. سوزاندن این سوخت‌های فسیلی بیش از ۷۵ درصد از انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در سراسر جهان و تقریباً ۹۰ درصد از انتشار کلی CO₂ را تشکیل می‌دهند. علاوه بر این، بر اساس آمار ارائه شده در سال ۲۰۲۴، انتشار سالانه CO₂ ناشی از سوزاندن سوخت‌های فسیلی به ۳۷/۴ میلیارد تن رسیده است. به همین دلیل، جذب و ذخیره کربن به‌عنوان یک استراتژی مهم برای کاهش انتشار CO₂ در جور زمین مطرح شده است. در همین راستا، این مقاله به بررسی روش‌های مختلف ذخیره‌سازی CO₂ در ساختارهای زیرزمینی، ازجمله سفره‌های آب زیرزمینی، مخازن نفت و گاز تخلیه‌شده، لایه‌های زغال‌سنگ غیرقابل استخراج و سازندهای بازالتی می‌پردازد. پایداری ذخیره‌سازی CO₂ و ساز و کارهای مختلف به دام انداختن آن از موضوعات اصلی این پژوهش هستند. نتایج تحقیقات نشان می‌دهند که فناوری ذخیره‌سازی CO₂ در حال تبدیل شدن به یک روش مفید و کارآمد است. در این مقاله، چشم‌اندازها و فرصت‌های اقتصادی ذخیره‌سازی CO₂ بررسی و بر پتانسیل کاربردی آن در مقابله با تغییرات آب و هوایی تأکید شده است. با توجه به اینکه بسیاری از کشورها علاقه‌مند به توسعه زیرساخت‌ها در این حوزه هستند؛ در این مقاله راه‌حل‌هایی برای محققان، سیاستمداران و فعالان صنعتی ارائه شده‌اند که می‌توانند بستری برای توسعه فناوری‌های ذخیره گاز فراهم کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An Overview of CO2 Storage in Subsurface Structures: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives

نویسندگان English

Hossein Heydari 1
Mehdi Razavifar 2
1 B.Sc. Student, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
چکیده English

The Earth’s climate has been affected by human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. These activities have caused the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Fossil fuels are composed of compounds that absorbed atmospheric carbon millions of years ago. Burning these fossil fuels accounts for over 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90% of total CO2 emissions. Furthermore, according to 2024 statistics, annual CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels have reached 37.4 billion tons. For this reason, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered a crucial strategy for reducing CO2 emissions. CO2 storage is proposed as an effective method to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, this article examines various methods of CO2 storage in subsurface structures, including aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, unminable coal seams, and basalt formations. The stability of CO2 storage and various trapping mechanisms are the main topics of this research. The findings indicate that CO2 storage technology is becoming a valuable and effective method. This article also discusses the prospects and economic opportunities of CO2 storage, emphasizing its practical potential in combating climate change. Many countries are also interested in storing CO2 in their subsurface structures. Solutions are presented in this article for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to pave the way for the development of more efficient, sustainable, and safer storage technologies, potentially playing a key role in addressing the challenge of global climate change.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Carbon Dioxide
Gas Storage
Greenhouse Gases
Environmental Pollution
Global Warming
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