مقایسه فرآیندهای تولید هیدروژن آبی و فیروزه‌ای و چشم‌انداز آینده آن‌ها در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
سبحان حرفت 1
میلاد پیرهادی 2
مجید چگنی 3
مجید زندی 4
1 دانشجو دکتری، گروه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مرکز پژوهشی انرژی، دانشکده انرژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مرکز پژوهشی انرژی، دانشکده انرژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 شرکت ملی گاز ایران، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مرکز پژوهشی انرژی، دانشکده انرژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
هیدروژن، به‌عنوان یک عنصر سبک و فراوان، نقشی کلیدی در توسعه انرژی‌های پاک ایفا کرده و ظرفیت بالایی برای جایگزینی سوخت‌های فسیلی به‌منظور کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای دارد. این پژوهش باهدف ارزیابی و مقایسه هیدروژن آبی و فیروزه‌ای، به‌عنوان دو گزینه اصلی تولید هیدروژن کم‌کربن و بررسی پتانسیل آن‌ها در کاهش اثرات مخرب زیست‌محیطی انجام شده است. روش‌های تولید هیدروژن آبی شامل تولید هیدروژن از متان و بخار آب همراه با واحد جذب، استفاده و ذخیره‌سازی کربن و روش تولید هیدروژن فیروزه‌ای از طریق فرآیند پیرولیز متان و تولید کربن جامد مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در این راستا، مقایسه‌ای میان هزینه‌ها، کارایی و چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی هر دو نوع هیدروژن صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که هیدروژن فیروزه‌ای با تولید کربن جامد به‌جای گازهای گلخانه‌ای، گزینه‌ای پایدارتر و مناسب‌تر از نظر زیست‌محیطی است. بر اساس برخی از داده‌ها برای تولید هر کیلوگرم هیدروژن، بین ۱۲ تا ۱۳/۵ کیلوگرم گاز گلخانه‌ای آزاد می‌شود، درحالی‌که هیدروژن فیروزه‌ای با استفاده از پیرولیز متان، انتشار مستقیم صفر دی‌اکسید کربن دارد. از سوی دیگر، میزان مصرف انرژی در تولید هیدروژن فیروزه‌ای تا ۳۰ درصد کم‌تر از روش‌های مرسوم تولید هیدروژن آبی گزارش شده است که نشان‌دهنده مزیت آن از نظر بهره‌وری انرژی است. در ایران، برای گذار از وابستگی به سوخت‌های فسیلی و حرکت به سمت تولید هیدروژن آبی و فیروزه‌ای، ایجاد زیرساخت‌ها، فناوری‌های پیشرفته و سیاست‌گذاری‌های کلان ضروری است. این امر نیازمند بهره‌گیری از منابع موجود، توسعه دانش بومی و سرمایه‌گذاری‌های جدید است. پژوهش حاضر بر اهمیت توسعه فناوری‌های مرتبط با تولید هیدروژن آبی و فیروزه‌ای تأکید داشته و نیاز به تجهیز و به‌روزرسانی فناوری‌ها برای بهره‌برداری بهینه از این منابع انرژی پاک را موردتوجه قرار داده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Comparison of Blue and Turquoise Hydrogen Production Processes and their Future Prospects in Iran

نویسندگان English

Sobhan Herfat 1
Milad Pirhadi 2
Majid Chegeni 3
Majid Zandi 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Renewable Energy Department, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Energy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student, Renewable Energy Department, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Energy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 National Iranian Gas Company, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Renewable Energy Department, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Energy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Hydrogen, as a light and abundant element, plays a key role in the development of clean energy and holds significant potential for replacing fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to evaluate and compare blue and turquoise hydrogen as two primary options for low-carbon hydrogen production and to assess their potential in mitigating environmental impacts. Blue hydrogen production methods, including hydrogen generation from methane and steam combined with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) units, and turquoise hydrogen production through methane pyrolysis and solid carbon generation, were examined. A comparative analysis of costs, efficiencies, and environmental challenges of both types of hydrogen was conducted. The findings indicate that turquoise hydrogen, through the production of solid carbon instead of greenhouse gases, represents a more sustainable and environmentally favorable option. Based on some data, for every kilogram of hydrogen produced, between 12 and 13.5 kilograms of greenhouse gases are released, whereas turquoise hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis results in zero direct carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, the energy consumption for turquoise hydrogen production has been reported to be up to 30% lower than that of conventional blue hydrogen production methods, highlighting its advantage in terms of energy efficiency. In Iran, transitioning away from fossil fuel dependency toward blue and turquoise hydrogen production requires the development of infrastructure, advanced technologies, and comprehensive policymaking. This effort necessitates leveraging existing resources, fostering indigenous knowledge, and encouraging new investments. The present study emphasizes the importance of advancing technologies related to blue and turquoise hydrogen production and highlights the need for equipping and upgrading facilities to optimize the utilization of these clean energy resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Blue hydrogen
Turquoise hydrogen
Steam methane reforming (SMR)
Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS)
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  • تاریخ دریافت 06 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 30 اردیبهشت 1404