مروری بر نقش واحدهای جذب، ذخیره‌سازی و استفاده از کربن (CCU ،CCS و CCUS) در گذار از هیدروژن خاکستری به هیدروژن آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
میلاد پیرهادی 1
سبحان حرفت 2
محسن مظلوم فارسی‌باف 3
مجید زندی 4
علی وطنی 5
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مرکز پژوهشی انرژی، دانشکده انرژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجو دکتری، گروه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مرکز پژوهشی انرژی، دانشکده انرژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 مدیریت پژوهش و فنّاوری، شرکت ملی گاز ایران، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مرکز پژوهشی انرژی، دانشکده انرژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
5 استاد، انستیتو گاز طبیعی مایع (I-LNG)، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشکدگان فنّی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
امروزه در چشم‌انداز انرژی جهانی، هیدروژن به‌عنوان یکی از منابع نوین و پاک انرژی، جایگزینی مناسب برای سوخت‌های فسیلی سنتی محسوب می‌شود. در این میان، هیدروژن آبی به‌عنوان یکی از انواع کلیدی هیدروژن، نقشی محوری در گذار به سامانه‌های انرژی کم‌کربن ایفا می‌کند. برخلاف هیدروژن خاکستری که حاصل فرآیند اصلاح بخار متان از گاز طبیعی و همراه با انتشار قابل توجه دی‌اکسید کربن است، هیدروژن آبی با بهره‌گیری از فناوری‌های جذب، استفاده و ذخیره‌سازی کربن (CCU ،CCS و CCUS) امکان مهار دی‌اکسید کربن تولیدی را فراهم می‌سازد. این تفاوت اساسی، تبدیل هیدروژن خاکستری به آبی را به راهکاری مؤثر در جهت کاهش آثار زیست‌محیطی و کنترل انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای تبدیل کرده است. در این مقاله، فرآیندهای رایج تولید هیدروژن خاکستری مانند اصلاح بخار متان، اصلاح حرارتی خودکار و واکنش جابجایی آب-گاز از منظر عملکرد، شرایط عملیاتی و نوع کاتالیست بررسی شده‌اند. هم‌چنین فناوری‌های جذب CO2 در سه سطح پس از احتراق، پیش از احتراق و احتراق اکسیژنی، به‌همراه روش‌های ذخیره‌سازی و کاربردهای صنعتی آن مرور گردیده است. مطالعات موردی پروژه‌های بین‌المللی نیز برای ارزیابی کارایی CCUS در تولید هیدروژن آبی ارائه شده‌اند. درنهایت، با توجه به امکان‌سنجی فنی، مقیاس‌پذیری و سرمایه‌گذاری زیرساختی، هیدروژن آبی به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای مؤثر در کاهش کربن و تأمین پایدار انرژی شناخته می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Review of the Role of Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization Units (CCS, CCU, and CCUS) in the Transition from Gray Hydrogen to Blue Hydrogen

نویسندگان English

Milad Pirhadi 1
Sobhan Herfat 2
Mohsen Mazlom farsibaf 3
Majid Zandi 4
Ali Vatani 5
1 M.Sc. Student, Renewable Energy Department, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Energy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student, Renewable Energy Department, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Energy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Research and Technology Management, National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC), Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Renewable Energy Department, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Energy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
5 Professor, Institute of Liquefied Natural Gas (I-LNG), School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

In the global energy context, hydrogen is considered a promising clean energy source, offering a suitable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Among various types of hydrogen, blue hydrogen plays a critical role in the transition to low-carbon energy systems. Unlike gray hydrogen, which is produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) from natural gas and is associated with significant carbon dioxide emissions, blue hydrogen utilizes carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCS, CCU, and CCUS) technologies to capture the CO₂ generated during production. This distinction makes the conversion of gray hydrogen to blue hydrogen an effective strategy for reducing environmental impacts and controlling greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reviews common gray hydrogen production processes, including steam methane reforming, autothermal reforming, and the water-gas shift reaction, focusing on performance, operational conditions, and catalyst types. It also examines CO₂ capture technologies at three stages post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion along with storage methods and industrial applications. Case studies of international projects are provided to evaluate the effectiveness of CCUS in blue hydrogen production. Finally, based on technical feasibility, scalability, and infrastructure investment, blue hydrogen is recognized as a viable solution for carbon reduction and sustainable energy supply.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Steam Methane Reforming
Carbon Capture &‌‌‌ Storage (CCS) Technology Carbon Capture
Utilization &‌‌‌ Storage Systems (CCUS)
Carbon Capture and Utilization without Storage (CCU)
Grey Hydrogen
Blue Hydrogen
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